Set deadlock priority using the DEADLOCK_PRIORITY command. When SQL Server chooses a Try…catch block as the deadlock victim, you can simply rerun the transaction. Try…catch blocks let you catch deadlocks when they occur. This minimizes deadlocks since other processes get access to locks sooner. Short transactions prevent processes from holding locks on resources for a long time. There are several best practices you can use to prevent deadlocks, including those outlined below. Modify the first query in the example to use the UPDLOCK hint as follows: However, they must wait until this transaction completes to request an EXCLUSIVE lock. Other transactions can still request a SHARED lock on a resource with an UPDATE lock. During the reading phase, the UPDATE lock is converted to a SHARED lock, and during the writing phase, it’s converted to an EXCLUSIVE lock. For an update to occur, an operation must first read a row and then write it. To prevent this deadlock, use an UPDATE lock. Each process ends up waiting for the other one. Simultaneously, SPID79 had an exclusive lock on the Customers table but requested an exclusive lock on the Suppliers table. SPID74 had an exclusive lock (X) on the Suppliers table but requested an update lock (U) on the Customers table. The blue X shows that the SQL Server chose the SID74 process as the deadlock victim. In this example, there are two processes: server process ID 74 (SPID74) and server process ID 79 (SPID79). 5: A deadlock graphįrom this graph, you can deduce what caused the deadlock. You can also click the deadlock tab in the Details section to view the deadlock graph. 3: The deadlock report in the details sectionĭouble-click on the process to open the XML report. The SQL server usually terminates the SELECT statement as it uses fewer resources.Ĭlick on the process you want to investigate - it will show up in the Details section. Usually, the deadlock occurs between a SELECT statement and an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement. Lookup deadlockĪ lookup deadlock occurs when a process needs to look up a value on a row that another process has a lock on. The two transactions wait for each other until the SQL Server finally terminates one. Likewise, when the second query’s delay elapses, it requests a lock on the Customers table, which the first transaction already has. When the 20-second delay from the first query elapses, the first transaction requests a lock on the Suppliers table, which the second transaction already has. When you run the second query, that transaction acquires a lock on the Suppliers table. When you run the first query, the transaction acquires a lock on the Customers table and then starts waiting. To create the deadlock, execute both queries in quick succession. The difference between the first transaction and the second is the order of execution. The second query updates the Suppliers table first, waits for 20 seconds, then updates the Customers table. In SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), create a new query comprising two update statements with a 20-second delay between them: The SQL Server must terminate one of them.Ĭonsider the following example that uses the WideWorldImportersDW database to simulate an order of operations deadlock. Neither can continue until both processes release a lock before completing. Process B has an exclusive lock on the Orders table and requests an exclusive lock on the Customer table. Process A has an exclusive lock on the Customer table and requests a lock on the Orders table. Say you have a Customer table, an Orders table, and processes A and B. ![]() Order of operations deadlockĪn order of operation deadlock is when two processes hold a lock that the other requires. The following section reviews several deadlocks you may encounter and walks you through detecting them in SQL Server. To avoid and resolve SQL Server deadlocks, you need to know the different types of deadlocks and how they happen.
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